History:
The history of Uttar Pradesh is nearly 4000 years old, when the Aryans kept their first steps in this place. At this time the Vedic civilization started and it was born in Uttar Pradesh. The Aryans flow from the Indus river and the Satluj plains to the plains of Yamuna and Ganga. The Aryans made Dob (Two-Aub, Yamuna and Ganga's plains) and the Ghaghra river area their home. In the name of these Aryans, India's name was Aryavarta or Bharat Varha (Bharat was a major king of Aryans). Over time, Aryans spread to the remote parts of India. A city considered to be one of the oldest cities in the world, Varanasi city is situated right here. Chaukhandi Stupa of Sarnath near Varanasi reminds of Lord Buddha's first discourse. Over time, this region was divided into small states or became part of the larger empires, Gupta, Moraya and Kushan. Kannauj was the principal center of the Gupta Empire in the 7th century.
Hindu-Buddhist period:
Uttar Pradesh was a prominent place for Hindu religion. The significance of the Aquarius Prayag is described in the Puranas. In Tretayug, Vishnu incarnation Shri Ramchandra was born in Ayodhya (which is now located in Faizabad district). In Ramadaan's fourteen year exile, Prayag, Chitrakoot, Shringarpur etc. are important. Lord Krishna is born in Mathura and according to Puranas, the incarnation of Vishnu's Dasam Avatar in Kaliyug is also described in Uttar Pradesh. Shiva's temple of Vishwanath temple in Kash (Varanasi) has been special significance. Rishi Ramayana, master of Sanatan Dharma, Maharshi Balmiki, Ramcharit Manas composer Goswami Tulsidas (born Soren), Maharishi Bhardwaj.
Seventh Century BC The systematic history of India and Uttar Pradesh starts from the end, when 16 Mahajanapadas were involved in the race of nobility in northern India, seven of them were under the borders of present Uttar Pradesh. Buddha gave his first preaching in Sarnath near Varanasi (Benaras) and laid the foundations of a religion that spread not only in India but also in distant countries like China and Japan. It is said that Buddha had received Parinirvana (liberation of the soul when he was released from the body) in Kushinagar, which is located in the eastern district of Kushinagar. Fifth century BC From 6th Century AD, Uttar Pradesh remained under the control of powers centered outside its present boundary, first Magadha, which was present in the state of Bihar and later Ujjain, which is presently located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The great rulers of this era which ruled this kingdom were Chandragupta I (reign of about 330-380 AD) and Ashoka (reign of about 268 or 265-238), who were Maurya emperor and Samudragupta (about 330-380 AD) and Chandragupta II is (about 380-415 AD, some scholars consider Vikramaditya). Another famous ruler was Harshavardhana (reign 606-647). Who ruled from its capital located in Kanyakub (near modern Kannauj) across parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Rajasthan.
During this period, both Buddhism and Hindu (Brahmin) culture flourished. During Ashoka's reign, architectural and architectural symbols of Buddhist art reached its peak. During the Gupta period (about 320-550), there was also the maximum development of Hindu art. After the death of Harsha in about 647 AD, with the resurgence of Hinduism, Buddhism gradually collapsed. The chief composer of this resurrection was Shankar, born in South India, who reached Varanasi, visited the plains of Uttar Pradesh and established the famous temple in Badrinath in the Himalayas. This is considered by Hindu mindallambi as the fourth and last monastery (the center of Hindu culture).
Muslim period:
In this area, although Muslims had been attacked till 1000-1030 AD, Muslim rule came into existence only after the last decade of 12th century in northern India, when Muhammad Ghori founded the Gahhad people (who ruled the state of Uttar Pradesh) and other competitors. The descent was defeated. Like most of India for almost 650 years, Uttar Pradesh was ruled by some Muslim dynasty whose center was in or around Delhi. Babur defeated Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi in 1526 AD and laid the foundations of the most successful Muslim dynasty, Mughal dynasty. This empire ruled over the sub-continent for more than 350 years.
The greatest period of this empire was from the time of Akbar (Rule 1556-1605 AD) to Aurangzeb Alamgir (1707), who built the new imperial capital Fatehpur Sikri near Agra. His grandson Shahjahan (reign 1628-1658 AD) was built in Agra in the Taj Mahal (the mausoleum which was built in the memory of his Begum, who had settled during childbirth), one of the greatest architectural specimens in the world. Shahjahan also had many important buildings in Agra and Delhi in terms of architectural designs. The English used to call India as the gold bird of the Muslim period.
The Mughal Empire centered in Uttar Pradesh encouraged the development of a new mixed culture. Akbar was his exponent, who had appointed architectural, literature, painting and music experts in his court without any discrimination. The different opinions of India and the union of Islam developed many new ideas, which wanted to establish a general consensus among the different castes of India. The Ramananda (approximately 1400-1470 CE), the founder of the Bhakti movement, was rendered that the liberation of a person is not dependent on 'gender' or 'caste'.
Kabir, who teaches compulsory unity between all religions, focuses his fight against religious intolerance in Uttar Pradesh. With the fall of the Mughals in the 18th century, the center of this mixed culture went from Delhi to Lucknow, which was under the Nawab of Awadh, and where there was a rise in art, literature, music and poetry in the atmosphere of communal harmony.
British period:
In the period of nearly 75 years, the East India Company (British trading company) of the region of Uttar Pradesh gradually acquired. Nawabs of various North Indian tribes in 1775, 1798 and 1801, Scindia in 1803 and the territories excluded from Gorkha in 1816 were first placed under the Bengal Presidency, but in 1833 they were separated and formed in the northwestern province (initially called Agra Presidency). Gaya. In 1856 AD, the company took control over Awadh and it was merged in the northwestern province of 1877 in the name of Agra and Awadh United Prefecture (similar to the present day border of Uttar Pradesh). In 1902, its name was changed to United Provinces.
Between 1857-1859 CE, the revolt against the East India Company was mainly confined to the northwestern province. The revolt spread among soldiers in Meerut on 10 May 1857 AD spread to more than 25 cities in a few months. After the suppression of the rebellion in 1858 AD, the administration of the Northwestern and the rest of British India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. In the latter part of 1880 AD, with the rise of Indian nationalism, the United Provinces became the leader in the independence movement. The state gave important nationalist political leaders like India to Motilal Nehru, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Jawaharlal Nehru and Purushottam Das Tandon.
In 1922 Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement to move the foundations of the British Empire spread throughout the United Provinces, but due to the violence in Chauri Chaura village (in the eastern part of the province), Mahatma Gandhi temporarily stopped the movement. Gave. The United States was also the center of the Muslim League politics. During the British era, there was a widespread development of the means of communication within the railway, canal and the province. The British also promoted modern education here and established universities like Lucknow University (established in 1921) and several colleges.
First Freedom Struggle:
In 1857, Indian soldiers of the British army revolted. This revolt lasted for one year and spread to most of North India. It was called India's first freedom struggle. This rebellion started in Meerut city. Due to this, it was suggested by the British to give cartridges containing cow and pig fat.
One of the main reasons for this struggle was the policy of Dalhousie to grab the state. This fight was fought mainly in Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi and Bareilly. In this fight Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh, Bakht Khan, Nana Saheb, Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah, Raja Beni Madhav Singh, Ajimullah Khan and many patriots took part in this fight.
Twentieth Century:
In the year 1902, the name of the North West Provinces was changed to United Provinces of Agra and Awadh. In ordinary colloquial language, it was called the UP. In the year 1920, the state's capital was shifted from Allahabad to Lucknow. The High Court of the state remained Allahabad and a Bench of High Court was set up in Lucknow.
Post-independence period:
In 1947, the United Provinces became an administrative unit of the newly independent Indian Republic. Two years later, under the borders, the autonomous states of Tehri Garhwal and Rampur were included in the United Provinces. With the introduction of the new constitution in 1950, this United Provinces was named Uttar Pradesh on January 12, 1950 and it became the state of the Indian Union. This state has had a major role since independence in India. It gave the leader of major national opposition (minority) parties like Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter Indira Gandhi, several Prime Ministers, Socialist Party founder Acharya Narendra Dev, and leaders like Bharatiya Jana Sangh, later Bharatiya Janata Party and Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Are there. State politics, however, has been divisive and fewer chief ministers have fulfilled the five year period. Govind Vallabh Pant became the first Chief Minister of this state. In October 1963, Sucheta Kripalani became the first woman Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and India.
In 2000, a new state of Uttaranchal was formed in the northwestern Uttar Pradesh's hill region and the Garhwal and Kumaon Mandals, which was later changed to Uttarakhand in 2007.
State split:
Immediately after the formation of Uttar Pradesh, problems arose in Uttarakhand region (built by Garhwal and Kumaon region). People of this region felt that it is not possible to maintain their interests for the government sitting in Lucknow due to the huge population and the vast geographical expansion. The lack of basic amenities like unemployment, poverty and general order and drinking water and relatively less development of the area forced the people to demand a separate state. The opposition was initially weak, but in the 1990s it grabbed and the movement became even more fierce when 40 people were killed in a firing by police in a demonstration of this movement in Muzaffarnagar on October 2, 1994. Finally, in November 2000, from the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, the new state of Uttaranchal, which included hilly areas of Kumaon and Garhwal, was formed.
Some facts related to Uttar Pradesh:
Number of shares-18
Number of districts - 75
Number of tehsilons - 332
Number of Universities - 55
Legislature - Bicameral
Number of Legislative Assembly Members - 403 + 1 (Anglo-Indian) = 404
Number of Legislative Council Members - 99 +1 (Anglo-Indian) = 100
Number of Lok Sabha Members- 80
Number of Rajya Sabha members- 31
High Court- Allahabad (Block-Lucknow)
Language- Hindi (Urdu second official language)
State bird
State Tree- Ashok
State flower palate
State Symbols - Fish and Arrow Command
Foundation day - 9 November 1956
Geography:
Uttar Pradesh is located in the north eastern part of India. The mountains towards the northern and eastern parts of the state and in the western and central part of the country. Uttar Pradesh can be divided into three main areas.
Area of the Himalayas in the North - This area is very low and unfavorable terrain. This area comes under Uttaranchal now. The topography of this area is varied. Its altitude ranges from 300 to 5000 meters and the slope is 150 to 600 meters / kilometers.
The plains of the Ganga in the middle - this area is an area of very fertile alluvial soil. Its topography is flat. There are several ponds, lakes and rivers in this area. Its slope is 2 meters / kilometers.
Vindhyachal area of the south - it is a plateau region, and its topography is surrounded by hills, rivers and valleys. Water in this area is available in small quantities.
The climate here is mainly of tropical monsoon, but with the change of height from sea level it changes. Uttar Pradesh is a state surrounded by 8 States - Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar.
Geographic elements:
Major geographical elements of Uttar Pradesh are as follows:
Earth -
Landforms - Uttar Pradesh can be divided into two distinct geographical regions, the intermediate grounds of the Ganges and the Southern Highland. About 90 percent of the total area of Uttar Pradesh is in the Gangetic plain. The plains are mostly made of alluvial sediments brought by the Ganges and its tributaries. Most parts of this area do not fluctuate, although the ground is very fertile, but there is some variation in their height, which is 305 meters in the northwest and 58 meters in the Far East. The southern highland of the Gangetic plains is a part of the highly dissected and odd Vindhya ranges, which normally rises towards south-east. The altitude here is somewhere more than 305.
Rivers:
There are many rivers in Uttar Pradesh which include Ganga, Ghaghara, Gomti, Yamuna, Chambal and Son etc. The origin of these rivers flowing in different parts of the state is also different, so on the basis of their origin sites, they can be divided into the following parts.
Rivers coming out of the Himalayan Mountains Rivers deriving from the plains of the Ganga Rivers deriving from the southern plateau
The lake:
There is lack of lakes in Uttar Pradesh. Most of the lakes here are in the Kumaon area, which are mainly formed as a result of geographical forces being transformed into land surface.
Canal:
Uttar Pradesh has a prominent place in terms of distribution and expansion of canals. About 30 percent of the total irrigated land is irrigated by canals. The canals here are one of the oldest canals in India.
Runoff:
This state is well versed in the Himalayas in the north and the rivers originating from Vindhya ranges in the south. Ganga and its tributaries, Yamuna river, Ramganga river, Gomti river, Ghaghra river and Gandak river get constant water from the Himalayas. The Chambal river, the Betwa river and the Kann river flowing from the Vindhya range flows in the south-western part of the state before meeting in the river Yamuna. Son river which flows from Vindhya range flows in the south-eastern part of the state and meets the Ganga river in Bihar outside the state border.
The soil:
About two-thirds of the area of Uttar Pradesh is covered with a deep layer of alluvial soil brought by the slow-moving rivers of the Ganga system. Extremely fertile this alluvial soil is somewhere sandy, so somewhere smooth loam. The soil of the southern part of the state is generally mixed red and black or red or yellow. In the northwestern part of the state, from the soil concretion to fertile latitudes, which are fine sand and humus mixed, due to which there are dense forests in some areas.
Climate:
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is tropical monsoon. The average temperature in the state is 12.50 to 17.50 in January. It stays in May-June, from 27.50 to 32.50 lives in between. The rainfall decreases from the east (1,000 mm to 2,000 mm) west (610 mm to 1,000 mm). About 90 percent of the rainfall in the state occurs during monsoon in the southwest, which is from June to September. Due to these four months of rainfall, flood is a recurring problem, especially in the eastern part of the state, crops, livelihoods and property are heavily damaged. Due to the continuous failure of monsoon, it is dry and the crop is damaged.
Vegetation and Animal Life:
Forests are mainly concentrated in the southern highlands in the state, which are mostly bushy. Due to various topography and climate, the animal life in this area is enriched. In this area, lion, leopard, elephant, wild boar, along with doves, doves, doves, wild ducks, pheasants, peacocks, woodpeckers, nilkanth and quail are found in this area. Many species, such as rhythms from the lion and the terai region from the Gangetic plain, have now become extinct. To protect wildlife, the government has set up several sanctuaries including 'Chandraprabhav Wildlife Sanctuary' and 'Dudhwa Sanctuary'.
Living life::
Apart from this, despite the formation of a separate state, Uttar Pradesh is still ahead of all the states and Union Territories in terms of population. According to the 2001 census, the population of the state increased by 25.80 percent. The proportion of the population (number of women per 1000 men) has been recorded 898, which is better than the 876 in 1991. The Gangetic plain, where the density of population is highest, raises more than 80 percent of the state's population. In comparison, the population density is very low in the Himalayan region and southern highland.
Economy:
The following are the instruments of Uttar Pradesh's economy-
Resources
Economicly, Uttar Pradesh is one of the most undeveloped states of the country. It is mainly an agricultural state and more than three-fourths (75 percent) of the population is engaged in agricultural work. There is a lack of significant mineral and energy resources for industrialization in the state. Here only minerals, such as silica, limestone and coal, are found in significant quantities. Apart from this, there are also small deposits of gypsum, magnetite, phosphorite and bauxite.
Agriculture and forestry:
The mainstay of the state's economy is agriculture. Rice, wheat, jowar, millet, barley and sugarcane are the main crops of the state. Since the 1960s, Uttar Pradesh has become the largest producer of foodgrains since the use of high yielding seeds of wheat and rice, excess availability of fertilizers and excessive use of irrigation. Although the farmers suffer from two major problems: Inadequate resources to invest in technology for economically unviable small farms and better production, the maximum agricultural land of the state can barely afford farmers. Livestock and dairy industries are additional sources of income. Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of animals against any city in India. However, the production of milk per cow is low.
Industry:
In the state-run textile industry and sugar processing industry, almost one-third of the state's total mercenaries are located. Most of the mills of the state are old and disabled. Other resource-based industries include vegetable oils, jute and cement industries. The Central Government has set up a large number of large factories manufacturing heavy equipment, machines, steel, aircraft, telephones, electronic equipment and fertilizers. Here, the development of coal sector in Mathura, an oil refinery and the south-eastern region of Mirzapur district, are two major projects of the Central Government. The State Government has encouraged medium and small scale industries.
Handicrafts, carpet, brass items, footwear, leather and sports goods contribute to the prominence of the state. Kanpur is the largest industrial city in Uttar Pradesh, here is a leather work. Leather shoe in Kanpur is famous all over the world. The carpets of Bhadoi and Mirzapur are appreciated all over the world. Shekhar hand prints of Pilkhuva, Varanasi's silk and zari work, Muradabad's brass beauty, Likanu's embroidery, eagle wood work of Nagina, glass works of Ferozabad and the work of Nakshidar wood of Saharanpur are also remarkable . The number of public sector commercial banks is highest in Uttar Pradesh. This state has a very important contribution in the development of the country. At present, Uttar Pradesh suffers from severe shortage of electricity.
Capacity has increased from other power generation centers established since 1951, but the difference between demand and supply is increasing. One of the largest thermal power stations in India, Obera-Rehand (south-eastern Uttar Pradesh), is producing electricity in different hydroelectric plants located in many other parts of the state and at the nuclear power station of Bulandshahar. In the year 2004-05, there were 5,21,835 SSI units in Uttar Pradesh, of which there was an investment of Rs 5,131 crore and about 20,01,000 people were working. About 45.51 lakh tonnes of sugar is produced in the state in the year 2004-05. There are 68 textile mills and 32 automobile factories in the state of Uttar Pradesh, of which investment of Rs 5,740 crore is invested.
As of 2011, there is a plan to develop 102 sectors under 'Noida Authority'. This Authority includes industrial area, residential area, group housing area, residential building, business assets and institutional education sector. Work is being done to develop industrial areas in other places in the state like Noida and Greater Noida.
Well there are plenty of possibilities for the industries here and many big industries are engaged here. However, the first Ayurvedic medicine industry in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh has been established by the name of New India Pharmaceuticals. This industrial unit is producing more than 100 medicines. Along with tablet syrup, many other medicines are produced here. However, this group is now expanding with its full force and it is necessary for the conscious people to reach its production in the Indian market.
Traffic and Transport:
The main cities and towns of the state are connected with roads and rail links, but generally the roads are in bad condition and the rail system has also been affected due to non-reconciliation between the different lines of rail tracks (big and small). Lucknow is the main junction of northern network. The main cities of Uttar Pradesh are connected by the airways to Delhi and other cities of India. The inland transport system also includes inland water transport system of Ganga, Yamuna and Ghaghra rivers in the state.
Roads:
The total length of roads constructed by Public Works Department of Uttar Pradesh is 1,18,946 km. There are 3,869 km of national highways, 9,097 kilometers of provincial highways, 1,05,980 km of other district roads and 72,931 km of rural roads.
Railway route:
Lucknow is the main junction of Northern Network of the Northern Network. Other important railway junctions are Agra, Mathura, Kanpur, Allahabad, Mughalsarai, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Moradabad, Varanasi, Tundla, Gorakhpur, Gonda, Faizabad, Bareilly and Sitapur.
Aviation department:
There are airports in Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi, Bareilly, Ghaziabad, Gorakhpur, Saharanpur and Rae Bareli in the state.
Hospice composition:
More than 80 percent of the state's population lives in rural areas. The characteristics of rural housing are: the densely populated villages found in the western part of the state, small villages found in the eastern region and a group of both in the central region, whose roof is made of pallet or soil clusters. Although these houses have very few features of modern life, but the process of modernization is clearly visible in some villages near the cities.
Consumers such as houses made of cement, paved roads, electricity, radio, television are changing traditional rural life. More than half of the urban population lives in cities with more than one million people. Lucknow, Varanasi (Banaras), Agra, Kanpur, Meerut, Gorakhpur, and Allahabad are the seven largest cities of Uttar Pradesh. Kanpur is a major industrial city located in the central region of Uttar Pradesh. Located 82 km north-east of Kanpur, the state capital is Lucknow. Varanasi, one of the most sacred cities of Hindus, is one of the oldest continuous residential cities in the world. Another holy city Allahabad is situated on the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna and the Puranic Saraswati river. Located in the southwestern part of the state, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan is located in the Taj Mahal, built in memory of his Begum. It is one of the famous tourist destinations of India.
Hindi language birthplace:
Uttar Pradesh India's official language is the birthplace of Hindi. During the centuries many local forms of Hindi have evolved. Literary Hindi did not hold the present form of Hindi language (Hindustani) till the 19th century. Bharatendu Harishchandra of Varanasi (1850-1885 AD) was one of the leading writers who used this form of Hindi as a literary medium.
cultural life:
Uttar Pradesh is the origin of the ancient civilization of Hindus. The origin of the notable parts of the Ashtadhash Purana, Vedic Sahitya Mantra, Brahmin, Shaurasutra, Gharayasutra, Dharmashvika, etc. The epic-Valmikirayan, and the Mahabharata (which includes the Bhagavad Gita) are alive in many ashrams here. Books and architecture of Buddhist-Hindu period (about 600 B.P.-1200 AD) have made a major contribution to Indian cultural heritage. Since 1947, the mark of the Government of India is based on the four lingual columns (located in Sarnath near Varanasi) built by Maurya Emperor Ashoka. Architectural, painting, music, choreography and two languages (Hindi and Urdu) flourished here during the Mughal period. The paintings of this period are generally depicted in religious and historical texts. Although literature and music have been mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts and it is believed that music became enriched in the Gupta period (about 320-540). Most of the music tradition has evolved in Uttar Pradesh during this period. Musicians like Tansen and Baiju Bawra were in the court of Mughal Shahenshah Akbar, who are still famous in the state and the entire country. The two most famous instrumental sitars of Indian music (the fibers of the Veena family) and tabla were developed during this period during this period. Kathak, a classical dance form developed as a devotional dance in the temple of Vrindavan and Mathura in Uttar Pradesh in the 18th century, is the most famous of the classical dance styles of northern India. Apart from this, there are local songs and dances in rural areas too. Most poplar of the folk songs are based on seasons.
Festival:
From time to time, the festivals of all religions are celebrated-
1 Kumbh Mela is organized in every 12th year in Allahabad.
2. Apart from this, semi-Kumbh Mela is also organized every six years in Allahabad.
3. In the month of January every year, the Magh Mela is also held in Allahabad, where a large number of people take bath in Sangam.
4. In other fairs, several fairs and hoop fairs are held in Mathura, Vrindavan, in which the statues of the Lord are swirled in gold and silver swings. These swing fairs last for almost a fortnight.
5. On the occasion of Kartik Purnima, it is considered sacred to immerse the river Ganga and for this a large number of people are gathered in Garhmukteshvar, Margaresh fair, Rajghat, Bithoor, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi of Sorok Shukarkshittra.
6. A famous fair of cattle is found in the village of Bateshwar in Agra district.
The god Fair of Barabanki district is famous due to the Muslim saint Varsi Ali Ali Shah.
7. Apart from this, all major festivals of Hindus and Muslims are celebrated with joy in the whole state.
tourist spot:
1 Tajmahal, Agra
2. The ancient pilgrimage places are Varanasi, Ayodhya, Vindhyachal, Chitrakoot, Prayag, Soros, Mathura, Vrindavan, Dawa Sharif, Naimisharanya etc.
3. Shaheed Saleem Chisti's Dargah at Fatehpur Sikri
Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Sankisa / Basantpur (District Eta, Uttar Pradesh), Campil / present is the headquarters of Ferrukhabad, Piparawa and Kaushambi.
4. The legendary Vareshwar Mahadev Temple and the historic Parahul Devi Temple are visible in Kanpur Deh district.
5. Agra, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, Jhansi Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Mahoba, Devgarh, Bithoor and Vindhyachal are full of important treasures of Hindu and Muslim architecture and culture.
6. In Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, there is a famous goddess named Matsyidnath (Patan).
7. Samadhi of Sant Kabir and Mazar of Sophie Nizamuddin are also in the next village in Maghar of Sant Kabir Nagar.Madarsa Tanvirul Islam Amardoba is also in this district.
Dhava National Park IUCN Category 2 (National Park) Location Uttar Pradesh, India nearest city Lakhimpur Kheri coordinates 22 ° 20'0 "N 80 ° 38'0" E coordinates: 22 ° 20'0 "N 80 ° 38'0" E Areafill 490-square-kilometer (190 square miles) established 1977
Arts & Culture:
Literature:
Uttar Pradesh is the most important place in Hindi literature. Literature and Indian Defense Services, there are two areas in which Uttar Pradesh residents can be proud. Goswami Tulsidas, Kabirdas, Surdas to Bharatendu Harishchandra, Acharya Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla, Munshi Premchand, Jayashankar Prasad, Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Sumitranandan Pant, Maithilisharan Gupta, Sohan Lal Dwivedi, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Mahadevi Verma, Rahi There are so many great poets and writers like Maasooma Raza, Agnayya, who have become full pages in Uttar Pradesh. Urdu literature has also been a significant contribution to Uttar Pradesh. Countless poets like Firaq, Josh Malihabadi, Akbar Allahabadi, Nazir, Wasim Barelvi, Chakbast are not only the country but the glory of the country. The area of Hindi literature has been very extensive and pulp literature is also widely read here.
music:
Music plays a very important place in the life of a person in Uttar Pradesh. It can be divided into three types
1- Traditional Music and Folk Music: This music and song is sung on traditional occasions, wedding vows, holi, festivals, etc.
2- Classical music: Uttar Pradesh has a tradition of excellent singing and playing.
3- Hindi film music and Bhojpuri pop music: This type of music is the most popular in Uttar Pradesh.
Kathak:
Kathak is a sophisticated classical dance of Uttar Pradesh which is done with Hindustani classical music. Kathak is made up of the word 'Katha', in this dance, the dancer presents a story or dialogue through dance. Kathak dance was started in North India in the 6-7th century. In ancient times, it used to be a religious dance in which dancers used to sing epic and acted. By the 13th century, the Kathak became celibate and more attention was paid to the subtle acting and the postures in dance. In Kathak the dance of tumari is performed with the Tabla and Pakhajj on the Thumri singing with subtle currencies. Pundit Birju Maharaj is the main artist of Kathak dance. Furry dance, Jhanghia dance, Panvariya dance, Kaharwa, Jogira, Nidun, Kajree, Sohar, Chaita singing are populas of Uttar Pradesh. Lokrang Cultural Committee is working for the promotion, conservation of these cultures.
Handmade crafts:
Firozabad's bangles, wooden crafts of Saharanpur, sheets of hand block of Pilkhua, saris of Varanasi and work of silk and zari, chicken embroidery work on clothes of Lucknow, patchwork of Rampur, brassware of Moradabad terracotta of Aurangabad, Meerut Kaachi etc.. Imari and Muli of Beni Sav of Jaunpur.
The history of Uttar Pradesh is nearly 4000 years old, when the Aryans kept their first steps in this place. At this time the Vedic civilization started and it was born in Uttar Pradesh. The Aryans flow from the Indus river and the Satluj plains to the plains of Yamuna and Ganga. The Aryans made Dob (Two-Aub, Yamuna and Ganga's plains) and the Ghaghra river area their home. In the name of these Aryans, India's name was Aryavarta or Bharat Varha (Bharat was a major king of Aryans). Over time, Aryans spread to the remote parts of India. A city considered to be one of the oldest cities in the world, Varanasi city is situated right here. Chaukhandi Stupa of Sarnath near Varanasi reminds of Lord Buddha's first discourse. Over time, this region was divided into small states or became part of the larger empires, Gupta, Moraya and Kushan. Kannauj was the principal center of the Gupta Empire in the 7th century.
Hindu-Buddhist period:
Uttar Pradesh was a prominent place for Hindu religion. The significance of the Aquarius Prayag is described in the Puranas. In Tretayug, Vishnu incarnation Shri Ramchandra was born in Ayodhya (which is now located in Faizabad district). In Ramadaan's fourteen year exile, Prayag, Chitrakoot, Shringarpur etc. are important. Lord Krishna is born in Mathura and according to Puranas, the incarnation of Vishnu's Dasam Avatar in Kaliyug is also described in Uttar Pradesh. Shiva's temple of Vishwanath temple in Kash (Varanasi) has been special significance. Rishi Ramayana, master of Sanatan Dharma, Maharshi Balmiki, Ramcharit Manas composer Goswami Tulsidas (born Soren), Maharishi Bhardwaj.
Seventh Century BC The systematic history of India and Uttar Pradesh starts from the end, when 16 Mahajanapadas were involved in the race of nobility in northern India, seven of them were under the borders of present Uttar Pradesh. Buddha gave his first preaching in Sarnath near Varanasi (Benaras) and laid the foundations of a religion that spread not only in India but also in distant countries like China and Japan. It is said that Buddha had received Parinirvana (liberation of the soul when he was released from the body) in Kushinagar, which is located in the eastern district of Kushinagar. Fifth century BC From 6th Century AD, Uttar Pradesh remained under the control of powers centered outside its present boundary, first Magadha, which was present in the state of Bihar and later Ujjain, which is presently located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The great rulers of this era which ruled this kingdom were Chandragupta I (reign of about 330-380 AD) and Ashoka (reign of about 268 or 265-238), who were Maurya emperor and Samudragupta (about 330-380 AD) and Chandragupta II is (about 380-415 AD, some scholars consider Vikramaditya). Another famous ruler was Harshavardhana (reign 606-647). Who ruled from its capital located in Kanyakub (near modern Kannauj) across parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Rajasthan.
During this period, both Buddhism and Hindu (Brahmin) culture flourished. During Ashoka's reign, architectural and architectural symbols of Buddhist art reached its peak. During the Gupta period (about 320-550), there was also the maximum development of Hindu art. After the death of Harsha in about 647 AD, with the resurgence of Hinduism, Buddhism gradually collapsed. The chief composer of this resurrection was Shankar, born in South India, who reached Varanasi, visited the plains of Uttar Pradesh and established the famous temple in Badrinath in the Himalayas. This is considered by Hindu mindallambi as the fourth and last monastery (the center of Hindu culture).
Muslim period:
In this area, although Muslims had been attacked till 1000-1030 AD, Muslim rule came into existence only after the last decade of 12th century in northern India, when Muhammad Ghori founded the Gahhad people (who ruled the state of Uttar Pradesh) and other competitors. The descent was defeated. Like most of India for almost 650 years, Uttar Pradesh was ruled by some Muslim dynasty whose center was in or around Delhi. Babur defeated Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi in 1526 AD and laid the foundations of the most successful Muslim dynasty, Mughal dynasty. This empire ruled over the sub-continent for more than 350 years.
The greatest period of this empire was from the time of Akbar (Rule 1556-1605 AD) to Aurangzeb Alamgir (1707), who built the new imperial capital Fatehpur Sikri near Agra. His grandson Shahjahan (reign 1628-1658 AD) was built in Agra in the Taj Mahal (the mausoleum which was built in the memory of his Begum, who had settled during childbirth), one of the greatest architectural specimens in the world. Shahjahan also had many important buildings in Agra and Delhi in terms of architectural designs. The English used to call India as the gold bird of the Muslim period.
The Mughal Empire centered in Uttar Pradesh encouraged the development of a new mixed culture. Akbar was his exponent, who had appointed architectural, literature, painting and music experts in his court without any discrimination. The different opinions of India and the union of Islam developed many new ideas, which wanted to establish a general consensus among the different castes of India. The Ramananda (approximately 1400-1470 CE), the founder of the Bhakti movement, was rendered that the liberation of a person is not dependent on 'gender' or 'caste'.
Kabir, who teaches compulsory unity between all religions, focuses his fight against religious intolerance in Uttar Pradesh. With the fall of the Mughals in the 18th century, the center of this mixed culture went from Delhi to Lucknow, which was under the Nawab of Awadh, and where there was a rise in art, literature, music and poetry in the atmosphere of communal harmony.
British period:
In the period of nearly 75 years, the East India Company (British trading company) of the region of Uttar Pradesh gradually acquired. Nawabs of various North Indian tribes in 1775, 1798 and 1801, Scindia in 1803 and the territories excluded from Gorkha in 1816 were first placed under the Bengal Presidency, but in 1833 they were separated and formed in the northwestern province (initially called Agra Presidency). Gaya. In 1856 AD, the company took control over Awadh and it was merged in the northwestern province of 1877 in the name of Agra and Awadh United Prefecture (similar to the present day border of Uttar Pradesh). In 1902, its name was changed to United Provinces.
Between 1857-1859 CE, the revolt against the East India Company was mainly confined to the northwestern province. The revolt spread among soldiers in Meerut on 10 May 1857 AD spread to more than 25 cities in a few months. After the suppression of the rebellion in 1858 AD, the administration of the Northwestern and the rest of British India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. In the latter part of 1880 AD, with the rise of Indian nationalism, the United Provinces became the leader in the independence movement. The state gave important nationalist political leaders like India to Motilal Nehru, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Jawaharlal Nehru and Purushottam Das Tandon.
In 1922 Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement to move the foundations of the British Empire spread throughout the United Provinces, but due to the violence in Chauri Chaura village (in the eastern part of the province), Mahatma Gandhi temporarily stopped the movement. Gave. The United States was also the center of the Muslim League politics. During the British era, there was a widespread development of the means of communication within the railway, canal and the province. The British also promoted modern education here and established universities like Lucknow University (established in 1921) and several colleges.
First Freedom Struggle:
In 1857, Indian soldiers of the British army revolted. This revolt lasted for one year and spread to most of North India. It was called India's first freedom struggle. This rebellion started in Meerut city. Due to this, it was suggested by the British to give cartridges containing cow and pig fat.
One of the main reasons for this struggle was the policy of Dalhousie to grab the state. This fight was fought mainly in Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi and Bareilly. In this fight Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh, Bakht Khan, Nana Saheb, Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah, Raja Beni Madhav Singh, Ajimullah Khan and many patriots took part in this fight.
Twentieth Century:
In the year 1902, the name of the North West Provinces was changed to United Provinces of Agra and Awadh. In ordinary colloquial language, it was called the UP. In the year 1920, the state's capital was shifted from Allahabad to Lucknow. The High Court of the state remained Allahabad and a Bench of High Court was set up in Lucknow.
Post-independence period:
In 1947, the United Provinces became an administrative unit of the newly independent Indian Republic. Two years later, under the borders, the autonomous states of Tehri Garhwal and Rampur were included in the United Provinces. With the introduction of the new constitution in 1950, this United Provinces was named Uttar Pradesh on January 12, 1950 and it became the state of the Indian Union. This state has had a major role since independence in India. It gave the leader of major national opposition (minority) parties like Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter Indira Gandhi, several Prime Ministers, Socialist Party founder Acharya Narendra Dev, and leaders like Bharatiya Jana Sangh, later Bharatiya Janata Party and Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Are there. State politics, however, has been divisive and fewer chief ministers have fulfilled the five year period. Govind Vallabh Pant became the first Chief Minister of this state. In October 1963, Sucheta Kripalani became the first woman Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and India.
In 2000, a new state of Uttaranchal was formed in the northwestern Uttar Pradesh's hill region and the Garhwal and Kumaon Mandals, which was later changed to Uttarakhand in 2007.
State split:
Immediately after the formation of Uttar Pradesh, problems arose in Uttarakhand region (built by Garhwal and Kumaon region). People of this region felt that it is not possible to maintain their interests for the government sitting in Lucknow due to the huge population and the vast geographical expansion. The lack of basic amenities like unemployment, poverty and general order and drinking water and relatively less development of the area forced the people to demand a separate state. The opposition was initially weak, but in the 1990s it grabbed and the movement became even more fierce when 40 people were killed in a firing by police in a demonstration of this movement in Muzaffarnagar on October 2, 1994. Finally, in November 2000, from the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, the new state of Uttaranchal, which included hilly areas of Kumaon and Garhwal, was formed.
Some facts related to Uttar Pradesh:
Number of shares-18
Number of districts - 75
Number of tehsilons - 332
Number of Universities - 55
Legislature - Bicameral
Number of Legislative Assembly Members - 403 + 1 (Anglo-Indian) = 404
Number of Legislative Council Members - 99 +1 (Anglo-Indian) = 100
Number of Lok Sabha Members- 80
Number of Rajya Sabha members- 31
High Court- Allahabad (Block-Lucknow)
Language- Hindi (Urdu second official language)
State bird
State Tree- Ashok
State flower palate
State Symbols - Fish and Arrow Command
Foundation day - 9 November 1956
Geography:
Uttar Pradesh is located in the north eastern part of India. The mountains towards the northern and eastern parts of the state and in the western and central part of the country. Uttar Pradesh can be divided into three main areas.
Area of the Himalayas in the North - This area is very low and unfavorable terrain. This area comes under Uttaranchal now. The topography of this area is varied. Its altitude ranges from 300 to 5000 meters and the slope is 150 to 600 meters / kilometers.
The plains of the Ganga in the middle - this area is an area of very fertile alluvial soil. Its topography is flat. There are several ponds, lakes and rivers in this area. Its slope is 2 meters / kilometers.
Vindhyachal area of the south - it is a plateau region, and its topography is surrounded by hills, rivers and valleys. Water in this area is available in small quantities.
The climate here is mainly of tropical monsoon, but with the change of height from sea level it changes. Uttar Pradesh is a state surrounded by 8 States - Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar.
Geographic elements:
Major geographical elements of Uttar Pradesh are as follows:
Earth -
Landforms - Uttar Pradesh can be divided into two distinct geographical regions, the intermediate grounds of the Ganges and the Southern Highland. About 90 percent of the total area of Uttar Pradesh is in the Gangetic plain. The plains are mostly made of alluvial sediments brought by the Ganges and its tributaries. Most parts of this area do not fluctuate, although the ground is very fertile, but there is some variation in their height, which is 305 meters in the northwest and 58 meters in the Far East. The southern highland of the Gangetic plains is a part of the highly dissected and odd Vindhya ranges, which normally rises towards south-east. The altitude here is somewhere more than 305.
Rivers:
There are many rivers in Uttar Pradesh which include Ganga, Ghaghara, Gomti, Yamuna, Chambal and Son etc. The origin of these rivers flowing in different parts of the state is also different, so on the basis of their origin sites, they can be divided into the following parts.
Rivers coming out of the Himalayan Mountains Rivers deriving from the plains of the Ganga Rivers deriving from the southern plateau
The lake:
There is lack of lakes in Uttar Pradesh. Most of the lakes here are in the Kumaon area, which are mainly formed as a result of geographical forces being transformed into land surface.
Canal:
Uttar Pradesh has a prominent place in terms of distribution and expansion of canals. About 30 percent of the total irrigated land is irrigated by canals. The canals here are one of the oldest canals in India.
Runoff:
This state is well versed in the Himalayas in the north and the rivers originating from Vindhya ranges in the south. Ganga and its tributaries, Yamuna river, Ramganga river, Gomti river, Ghaghra river and Gandak river get constant water from the Himalayas. The Chambal river, the Betwa river and the Kann river flowing from the Vindhya range flows in the south-western part of the state before meeting in the river Yamuna. Son river which flows from Vindhya range flows in the south-eastern part of the state and meets the Ganga river in Bihar outside the state border.
The soil:
About two-thirds of the area of Uttar Pradesh is covered with a deep layer of alluvial soil brought by the slow-moving rivers of the Ganga system. Extremely fertile this alluvial soil is somewhere sandy, so somewhere smooth loam. The soil of the southern part of the state is generally mixed red and black or red or yellow. In the northwestern part of the state, from the soil concretion to fertile latitudes, which are fine sand and humus mixed, due to which there are dense forests in some areas.
Climate:
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is tropical monsoon. The average temperature in the state is 12.50 to 17.50 in January. It stays in May-June, from 27.50 to 32.50 lives in between. The rainfall decreases from the east (1,000 mm to 2,000 mm) west (610 mm to 1,000 mm). About 90 percent of the rainfall in the state occurs during monsoon in the southwest, which is from June to September. Due to these four months of rainfall, flood is a recurring problem, especially in the eastern part of the state, crops, livelihoods and property are heavily damaged. Due to the continuous failure of monsoon, it is dry and the crop is damaged.
Vegetation and Animal Life:
Forests are mainly concentrated in the southern highlands in the state, which are mostly bushy. Due to various topography and climate, the animal life in this area is enriched. In this area, lion, leopard, elephant, wild boar, along with doves, doves, doves, wild ducks, pheasants, peacocks, woodpeckers, nilkanth and quail are found in this area. Many species, such as rhythms from the lion and the terai region from the Gangetic plain, have now become extinct. To protect wildlife, the government has set up several sanctuaries including 'Chandraprabhav Wildlife Sanctuary' and 'Dudhwa Sanctuary'.
Living life::
Apart from this, despite the formation of a separate state, Uttar Pradesh is still ahead of all the states and Union Territories in terms of population. According to the 2001 census, the population of the state increased by 25.80 percent. The proportion of the population (number of women per 1000 men) has been recorded 898, which is better than the 876 in 1991. The Gangetic plain, where the density of population is highest, raises more than 80 percent of the state's population. In comparison, the population density is very low in the Himalayan region and southern highland.
Economy:
The following are the instruments of Uttar Pradesh's economy-
Resources
Economicly, Uttar Pradesh is one of the most undeveloped states of the country. It is mainly an agricultural state and more than three-fourths (75 percent) of the population is engaged in agricultural work. There is a lack of significant mineral and energy resources for industrialization in the state. Here only minerals, such as silica, limestone and coal, are found in significant quantities. Apart from this, there are also small deposits of gypsum, magnetite, phosphorite and bauxite.
Agriculture and forestry:
The mainstay of the state's economy is agriculture. Rice, wheat, jowar, millet, barley and sugarcane are the main crops of the state. Since the 1960s, Uttar Pradesh has become the largest producer of foodgrains since the use of high yielding seeds of wheat and rice, excess availability of fertilizers and excessive use of irrigation. Although the farmers suffer from two major problems: Inadequate resources to invest in technology for economically unviable small farms and better production, the maximum agricultural land of the state can barely afford farmers. Livestock and dairy industries are additional sources of income. Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of animals against any city in India. However, the production of milk per cow is low.
Industry:
In the state-run textile industry and sugar processing industry, almost one-third of the state's total mercenaries are located. Most of the mills of the state are old and disabled. Other resource-based industries include vegetable oils, jute and cement industries. The Central Government has set up a large number of large factories manufacturing heavy equipment, machines, steel, aircraft, telephones, electronic equipment and fertilizers. Here, the development of coal sector in Mathura, an oil refinery and the south-eastern region of Mirzapur district, are two major projects of the Central Government. The State Government has encouraged medium and small scale industries.
Handicrafts, carpet, brass items, footwear, leather and sports goods contribute to the prominence of the state. Kanpur is the largest industrial city in Uttar Pradesh, here is a leather work. Leather shoe in Kanpur is famous all over the world. The carpets of Bhadoi and Mirzapur are appreciated all over the world. Shekhar hand prints of Pilkhuva, Varanasi's silk and zari work, Muradabad's brass beauty, Likanu's embroidery, eagle wood work of Nagina, glass works of Ferozabad and the work of Nakshidar wood of Saharanpur are also remarkable . The number of public sector commercial banks is highest in Uttar Pradesh. This state has a very important contribution in the development of the country. At present, Uttar Pradesh suffers from severe shortage of electricity.
Capacity has increased from other power generation centers established since 1951, but the difference between demand and supply is increasing. One of the largest thermal power stations in India, Obera-Rehand (south-eastern Uttar Pradesh), is producing electricity in different hydroelectric plants located in many other parts of the state and at the nuclear power station of Bulandshahar. In the year 2004-05, there were 5,21,835 SSI units in Uttar Pradesh, of which there was an investment of Rs 5,131 crore and about 20,01,000 people were working. About 45.51 lakh tonnes of sugar is produced in the state in the year 2004-05. There are 68 textile mills and 32 automobile factories in the state of Uttar Pradesh, of which investment of Rs 5,740 crore is invested.
As of 2011, there is a plan to develop 102 sectors under 'Noida Authority'. This Authority includes industrial area, residential area, group housing area, residential building, business assets and institutional education sector. Work is being done to develop industrial areas in other places in the state like Noida and Greater Noida.
Well there are plenty of possibilities for the industries here and many big industries are engaged here. However, the first Ayurvedic medicine industry in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh has been established by the name of New India Pharmaceuticals. This industrial unit is producing more than 100 medicines. Along with tablet syrup, many other medicines are produced here. However, this group is now expanding with its full force and it is necessary for the conscious people to reach its production in the Indian market.
Traffic and Transport:
The main cities and towns of the state are connected with roads and rail links, but generally the roads are in bad condition and the rail system has also been affected due to non-reconciliation between the different lines of rail tracks (big and small). Lucknow is the main junction of northern network. The main cities of Uttar Pradesh are connected by the airways to Delhi and other cities of India. The inland transport system also includes inland water transport system of Ganga, Yamuna and Ghaghra rivers in the state.
Roads:
The total length of roads constructed by Public Works Department of Uttar Pradesh is 1,18,946 km. There are 3,869 km of national highways, 9,097 kilometers of provincial highways, 1,05,980 km of other district roads and 72,931 km of rural roads.
Railway route:
Lucknow is the main junction of Northern Network of the Northern Network. Other important railway junctions are Agra, Mathura, Kanpur, Allahabad, Mughalsarai, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Moradabad, Varanasi, Tundla, Gorakhpur, Gonda, Faizabad, Bareilly and Sitapur.
Aviation department:
There are airports in Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi, Bareilly, Ghaziabad, Gorakhpur, Saharanpur and Rae Bareli in the state.
Hospice composition:
More than 80 percent of the state's population lives in rural areas. The characteristics of rural housing are: the densely populated villages found in the western part of the state, small villages found in the eastern region and a group of both in the central region, whose roof is made of pallet or soil clusters. Although these houses have very few features of modern life, but the process of modernization is clearly visible in some villages near the cities.
Consumers such as houses made of cement, paved roads, electricity, radio, television are changing traditional rural life. More than half of the urban population lives in cities with more than one million people. Lucknow, Varanasi (Banaras), Agra, Kanpur, Meerut, Gorakhpur, and Allahabad are the seven largest cities of Uttar Pradesh. Kanpur is a major industrial city located in the central region of Uttar Pradesh. Located 82 km north-east of Kanpur, the state capital is Lucknow. Varanasi, one of the most sacred cities of Hindus, is one of the oldest continuous residential cities in the world. Another holy city Allahabad is situated on the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna and the Puranic Saraswati river. Located in the southwestern part of the state, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan is located in the Taj Mahal, built in memory of his Begum. It is one of the famous tourist destinations of India.
Hindi language birthplace:
Uttar Pradesh India's official language is the birthplace of Hindi. During the centuries many local forms of Hindi have evolved. Literary Hindi did not hold the present form of Hindi language (Hindustani) till the 19th century. Bharatendu Harishchandra of Varanasi (1850-1885 AD) was one of the leading writers who used this form of Hindi as a literary medium.
cultural life:
Uttar Pradesh is the origin of the ancient civilization of Hindus. The origin of the notable parts of the Ashtadhash Purana, Vedic Sahitya Mantra, Brahmin, Shaurasutra, Gharayasutra, Dharmashvika, etc. The epic-Valmikirayan, and the Mahabharata (which includes the Bhagavad Gita) are alive in many ashrams here. Books and architecture of Buddhist-Hindu period (about 600 B.P.-1200 AD) have made a major contribution to Indian cultural heritage. Since 1947, the mark of the Government of India is based on the four lingual columns (located in Sarnath near Varanasi) built by Maurya Emperor Ashoka. Architectural, painting, music, choreography and two languages (Hindi and Urdu) flourished here during the Mughal period. The paintings of this period are generally depicted in religious and historical texts. Although literature and music have been mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts and it is believed that music became enriched in the Gupta period (about 320-540). Most of the music tradition has evolved in Uttar Pradesh during this period. Musicians like Tansen and Baiju Bawra were in the court of Mughal Shahenshah Akbar, who are still famous in the state and the entire country. The two most famous instrumental sitars of Indian music (the fibers of the Veena family) and tabla were developed during this period during this period. Kathak, a classical dance form developed as a devotional dance in the temple of Vrindavan and Mathura in Uttar Pradesh in the 18th century, is the most famous of the classical dance styles of northern India. Apart from this, there are local songs and dances in rural areas too. Most poplar of the folk songs are based on seasons.
Festival:
From time to time, the festivals of all religions are celebrated-
1 Kumbh Mela is organized in every 12th year in Allahabad.
2. Apart from this, semi-Kumbh Mela is also organized every six years in Allahabad.
3. In the month of January every year, the Magh Mela is also held in Allahabad, where a large number of people take bath in Sangam.
4. In other fairs, several fairs and hoop fairs are held in Mathura, Vrindavan, in which the statues of the Lord are swirled in gold and silver swings. These swing fairs last for almost a fortnight.
5. On the occasion of Kartik Purnima, it is considered sacred to immerse the river Ganga and for this a large number of people are gathered in Garhmukteshvar, Margaresh fair, Rajghat, Bithoor, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi of Sorok Shukarkshittra.
6. A famous fair of cattle is found in the village of Bateshwar in Agra district.
The god Fair of Barabanki district is famous due to the Muslim saint Varsi Ali Ali Shah.
7. Apart from this, all major festivals of Hindus and Muslims are celebrated with joy in the whole state.
tourist spot:
1 Tajmahal, Agra
2. The ancient pilgrimage places are Varanasi, Ayodhya, Vindhyachal, Chitrakoot, Prayag, Soros, Mathura, Vrindavan, Dawa Sharif, Naimisharanya etc.
3. Shaheed Saleem Chisti's Dargah at Fatehpur Sikri
Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Sankisa / Basantpur (District Eta, Uttar Pradesh), Campil / present is the headquarters of Ferrukhabad, Piparawa and Kaushambi.
4. The legendary Vareshwar Mahadev Temple and the historic Parahul Devi Temple are visible in Kanpur Deh district.
5. Agra, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, Jhansi Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Mahoba, Devgarh, Bithoor and Vindhyachal are full of important treasures of Hindu and Muslim architecture and culture.
6. In Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, there is a famous goddess named Matsyidnath (Patan).
7. Samadhi of Sant Kabir and Mazar of Sophie Nizamuddin are also in the next village in Maghar of Sant Kabir Nagar.Madarsa Tanvirul Islam Amardoba is also in this district.
Dhava National Park IUCN Category 2 (National Park) Location Uttar Pradesh, India nearest city Lakhimpur Kheri coordinates 22 ° 20'0 "N 80 ° 38'0" E coordinates: 22 ° 20'0 "N 80 ° 38'0" E Areafill 490-square-kilometer (190 square miles) established 1977
Arts & Culture:
Literature:
Uttar Pradesh is the most important place in Hindi literature. Literature and Indian Defense Services, there are two areas in which Uttar Pradesh residents can be proud. Goswami Tulsidas, Kabirdas, Surdas to Bharatendu Harishchandra, Acharya Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla, Munshi Premchand, Jayashankar Prasad, Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Sumitranandan Pant, Maithilisharan Gupta, Sohan Lal Dwivedi, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Mahadevi Verma, Rahi There are so many great poets and writers like Maasooma Raza, Agnayya, who have become full pages in Uttar Pradesh. Urdu literature has also been a significant contribution to Uttar Pradesh. Countless poets like Firaq, Josh Malihabadi, Akbar Allahabadi, Nazir, Wasim Barelvi, Chakbast are not only the country but the glory of the country. The area of Hindi literature has been very extensive and pulp literature is also widely read here.
music:
Music plays a very important place in the life of a person in Uttar Pradesh. It can be divided into three types
1- Traditional Music and Folk Music: This music and song is sung on traditional occasions, wedding vows, holi, festivals, etc.
2- Classical music: Uttar Pradesh has a tradition of excellent singing and playing.
3- Hindi film music and Bhojpuri pop music: This type of music is the most popular in Uttar Pradesh.
Kathak:
Kathak is a sophisticated classical dance of Uttar Pradesh which is done with Hindustani classical music. Kathak is made up of the word 'Katha', in this dance, the dancer presents a story or dialogue through dance. Kathak dance was started in North India in the 6-7th century. In ancient times, it used to be a religious dance in which dancers used to sing epic and acted. By the 13th century, the Kathak became celibate and more attention was paid to the subtle acting and the postures in dance. In Kathak the dance of tumari is performed with the Tabla and Pakhajj on the Thumri singing with subtle currencies. Pundit Birju Maharaj is the main artist of Kathak dance. Furry dance, Jhanghia dance, Panvariya dance, Kaharwa, Jogira, Nidun, Kajree, Sohar, Chaita singing are populas of Uttar Pradesh. Lokrang Cultural Committee is working for the promotion, conservation of these cultures.
Handmade crafts:
Firozabad's bangles, wooden crafts of Saharanpur, sheets of hand block of Pilkhua, saris of Varanasi and work of silk and zari, chicken embroidery work on clothes of Lucknow, patchwork of Rampur, brassware of Moradabad terracotta of Aurangabad, Meerut Kaachi etc.. Imari and Muli of Beni Sav of Jaunpur.
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