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Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan:

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September 1888 - 17 April 1975) was the first Vice-President of India (1952-1962) and the second President. He was the conductor of Indian culture, an eminent educationist, a great philosopher and a devout Hindu thinker. Due to these same qualities, in 1954, the Indian government decorated him with the highest honor Bharat Ratna. His birthday (September 5) is celebrated in India as Teacher's Day.

Brief Introduction:
Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan was born in Tirutani, South India, 64 km north-east of Chennai.

He was an eminent educationist, a great philosopher, excellent speaker and a devout Hindu thinker, born of Indian culture. He was the second President of Independent India. Earlier, he was also the Vice-President. He had spent 40 years of his life as a teacher before coming to politics. They had all the qualities of a perfect teacher. He expressed his desire to celebrate his birthday not as his personal name, but as a teacher day for the purpose of honoring the entire teacher community, resulting in his birthday (5th September) Is celebrated only by the name of.

Dr. Radhakrishnan considered the entire world as a school of education. They believed that it is possible for a human brain to be utilized by education only. That's why education should be managed by understanding the whole world as a unit. In a speech at the University of Edinburgh, UK, he had said that the human race must be one. The entire goal of human history is the liberation of mankind. This is only possible if the efforts of the policies of all countries are to be established to establish world peace. They used to make their students confused with their intelligent interpretations, pleasurable expressions and laughing and tickling stories. They used to inspire students to take high moral values into their own conduct. He used to teach his subjects well before teaching them. He used to make serious topics such as philosophy as simple and interesting from the novelty of his style.

The birth anniversary of former President Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan is celebrated on September 5 as' Teachers' Day '. These days when the qualitative quality of education is going down and the purity of the Guru-disciple relationship is getting eclipse, their virtuous remembrance can then create a new consciousness. When he became the President in 1962, some disciples and admirers went to him and he requested them that they want to celebrate his birthday as a Teacher's Day. He said, "I will feel honored to celebrate my birthday as a teacher day." Since then, till September 5, his birthday is being celebrated as Teacher's Day in all the countries.

The contribution that Dr. Radhakrishnan has made in the field of education will surely be unforgettable. They were rich in versatility Though he was a well-known scholar, teacher, speaker, administrator, diplomat, patriot, and educationist, however while working on many high positions in the latter part of his life, he continued to contribute in the field of education. They believed that if properly taught, many evils of society can be erased.

Dr. Radhakrishnan used to say that mere information is not education. Although information has its own importance and information about technology in the modern era is important, however, the person's intellectual inclination and its democratic spirit also have great importance. These things make a person a responsible citizen. The goal of education is to sense the sense of devotion to knowledge and to continue learning. This is a process that provides both knowledge and skills to the person and paves the way for them to be used in their life. The development of compassion, love and noble traditions are also the objectives of education.

He used to say that good education can not be imagined as long as the teacher is not committed and committed to education and does not believe education as a mission. He taught for many years. All the properties of an ideal teacher were present in them. He said that teachers should be made up of those people who are most intelligent. The teacher should not be satisfied only by teaching him properly, but he should also earn the affection and respect of his students. Being a respected teacher does not get enough, he has to earn.

He died on April 17, 1975.

Birth and Family:
Dr. Radhakrishnan was born on September 5, 1888, in Thirutni village of Tamil Nadu, which is located about 64 km from the then Madras. The family in which he was born was a Brahmin family. His birth place has also been noted as a holy pilgrim center. Radhakrishnan's ancestors first lived in a village called 'Sarvapalli' and in the middle of the 18th century, he had evacuated towards Tirumani village. But his ancestors wanted that the name of his village of his birthplace should always be with his name. That is why his family started wearing 'Sarvapalli' before his name.

Dr. Radhakrishnan was a poor but wise scholar Brahmin. His father's name was 'Sarvapalli Veeraswami' and the mother's name was 'Sitamma'. His father used to work in the revenue department. He was responsible for the maintenance of a very large family. Veeraswami had five sons and a daughter. Radhakrishnan's place was second in these cultures. His father was discharging the family with great difficulty. For this reason, child Radhakrishnan did not get any special pleasure in childhood.

Student life:
Radhakrishnan's childhood was spent on religious places like Tiruttani and Tirupati. He spent the last eight years in the thirties. Although his father was of old ideas and he had religious feelings, he sent Radhakrishnan to the Christian missionary institution Lutheran Mission School, Tirupati in 1896-1900. Then in the next 4 years (1900 to 1904), his education took place in Vellore. After this, he received education at Madras Christian College, Madras. He was brilliant since childhood.

In these 12 years of study, Radhakrishnan remembered the important parts of the Bible. For this, he was honored with special merit. At this age, he also studied Veer Savarkar and Swami Vivekananda. He passed the matriculation examination in 1902 and received a scholarship. After this, he passed the Arts Faculty Examination First Class in 1904. He also received remarkable remarks about psychology, history, and mathematics due to high scores. Apart from this, Christian College, Madras also gave him a scholarship. After M.A. in Philosophy, he was appointed Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Madras Residency College in 1916. Later he was also a professor in the same college. Dr. Radhakrishnan introduced the world to Indian philosophy through his articles and speeches. His writings were praised all over the world.

Companion life:
At that time the marriage of the Brahmin families of Madras would have ended at an early age and Radhakrishnan was no exception. In 1903, at the age of 16, his marriage ended with a 'Sivakamu' sister of a distant relation. At that time his wife was only 10 years old. So three years later, his wife started living with him. Though his wife Sivakamu did not receive the traditional education, he had good authority over his Telugu language. He could also write and read the English language. In 1908, Radhakrishnan's couple received the daughter as a descendant. In 1908 only he got the degree of Bachelor of Arts in first class and gained a special merit in philosophy.

After just 6 years of marriage, in 1909, he also passed a postgraduate examination in art. His subjects are philosophy. During high studies, she also continued to teach tuition to children for her personal income. In 1908 he also wrote a research paper to get the degree of M. At this time, his age was only twenty years old. This has increased their knowledge and power towards the scriptures. Soon he also studied the Vedas and the Upanishads. In addition, he also studied Hindi and Sanskrit language.

A deeper study of Hindu scriptures:
The impact of education where every person is definitely sure, the educational institution's quality also leaves its impact. At that time western values of values were established by the Christian institutions to a great depth within the students. This is the reason that studying Christian institutions and incorporating high quality in Radhakrishnan's life. But there was another change in them, which was due to Christian institutions. Some people saw Hindu philosophy and criticized them. His criticism was taken by Dr. Radhakrishnan as a challenge and started studying deeply in Hindu scriptures. Dr. Radhakrishnan wanted to know what literally cheers in the ideas of which culture and in which culture do they get involved? Then by intuitional intuition, firmly began to believe that the poor and illiterate people living in the remote places of India also knew the ancient truth. For this reason, Radhakrishnan has comparatively learned that Indian spirituality is very rich and criticism of Hindutva by the Christian missionaries is baseless. From this, he concluded that Indian culture is based on religion, knowledge, and truth, which gives the true message of life to the creature.

Indian tradition:
It was well known that Dr. Radhakrishnan realized that life is very small but the happiness in it is uncertain. For this reason the person should live in harmony with happiness and suffering. In fact, death is an unshakable reality, which makes everyone rich and poor in poverty and does not distinguish any kind of class. True wisdom is the same which can eliminate the ignorance within you. The life of simplicity is better than the noble life of the rich, in which resides of discontent. A quiet mind is better, than those thunders of applause; Which are heard in parliaments and courts

In fact, for this reason Dr. Radhakrishnan was able to understand the moral values of Indian culture, because he wanted to test the truth of the criticisms made by the missionaries themselves. That is why it has been said that criticisms work for perfection. All the mothers want to see high values in their children. That is why they teach children to believe in God, stay away from sin and help people trapped in trouble. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan also learned that Indian culture has been taught to respect all religions and equality for all religions is also a distinct identity of Hindu culture. In this way they understood the specific identity of Indian culture and became very close to it.

the TE:
Dr. Radhakrishnan considered the whole world as a school. He believed that human brain can be utilized only by education. Therefore, the world should be treated as one unit and education should be arranged. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan had said in his speech at the University of Edinburgh, UK: "Human must be one. The entire goal of human history is only to be able to liberate mankind if the basis of the policies of the countries is to establish peace in the whole world. Ho." Dr. Radhakrishnan used to teach the students with their wit-rich interpretations, pleasant expressions and light tickling stories. He also inspired his students to inspire high ethical values in their conduct. The subjects he taught, first used his intensive study. He used to make serious topics such as philosophy as simple, interesting and dear to his style.

Perseverance life:
In 1909, at the age of 21, Dr. Radhakrishnan started teaching philosophy as a junior lecturer in Madras Presidency College. It was their ultimate fortune that they had received livelihood favorable to their nature. Here he not only taught for 7 years but also studied Indian philosophy and Indian religion in depth. In those days it was necessary for the lecturer that he would also receive training for teaching. That is why in 1910, Radhakrishnan started teaching Madras in education. At this time, his salary was only Rs 37. The philosophy of Professor Radhakrishnan, the then Professor of philosophy, was overwhelmed by the scientific knowledge. He allowed them to be absent from the class of philosophy. But in lieu of this, the condition was that he would read in his or her class of philosophy classes. Then Radhakrishna gave thirteen such influential lectures to his classmates, from whom he was also amazed by the learner. The reason for this was that there was a deep hold on their subject, the approach was clear in relation to philosophy and when selecting lectures, they also selected appropriate words. In 1912 a short book entitled "Essential Elements of Psychology" was also published by Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who was a collection of his lectures given in the class. Through this booklet, his qualification was certified that "he has the Atul Bhaban of words to explain each post, his memory is also very unique."

Honorary Degrees:
When Dr Radhakrishnan returned to India from Europe and America again, various universities here honored him with his honorary degrees and honored his scholarship. In the winter of 1928, his first visit was to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru when he was in Calcutta to attend the annual session of the Congress Party. Although Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan could not take part in any political conversation due to being a member of the Indian Educational Service, he did not care and gave a speech to this prohibition. In 1929, he was invited by the 'University of Manchester' for lectures. He gave many lectures in Manchester and London. Under the scope of their education related achievements, the following institutional service functions are seen-

1 From 1931 to 36, he was Vice Chancellor of Andhra University.
2. He was a professor at Oxford University from 1936 to 1952.
3. Worked from 1937 to 1941 as Professor of George V. College under the University of Calcutta.
4. From 1939 to 48, Kashi was the Chancellor of Hindu University.
5. From 1953 to 1962, he was Chancellor of Delhi University.
6. In 1946, he made his presence as an Indian representative in UNESCO.

political life:
It was the talent of Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan that after independence, he was made a member of the Constituent Assembly. He was a member from 1947 to 1949. At the same time he was also appointed chairman of several universities. All India Congressmen wanted that Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan be a member of the Constituent Assembly despite being a non-political person. Jawaharlal Nehru wanted that Radhakrishnan's speech and oratory genius should be used on the night of 14-15 August 1947 when the historic session of the Constituent Assembly was held. Radhakrishnan was instructed to finish his speech at just 12 o'clock in the night. Because after that Nehru was under the leadership of the Constitutional Parliament to be sworn in.

Diplomatic work:
Sarpallalli Radhakrishnan did the same thing and paused his speech at 12 in the night. None other than Pandit Nehru and Radhakrishnan did not know about it. After independence, he was urged to fulfill diplomatic work with the Soviet Union as the special ambassador for the service of the motherland. Thus Vijayalakshmi Pandit was elected as the new successor. On this selection of Pandit Nehru, many people expressed the surprise that why was a philosopher selected for diplomatic services? He was doubtful that the competencies of Doctor Radhakrishnan were not conducive to the responsibilities handed over. But later, Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan proved that he was the best in Indian diplomats appointed in Moscow.

He was a non-traditional diplomat. The mantras, which were late in the night, used to participate in them till 10 o'clock, because after that time their bedtime was done. When Radhakrishnan was a teacher, he was not even in the laws of the rules. In the classroom, it was 20 minutes late and used to leave ten minutes earlier. They had to say that the lecture he had to give in the class would have been completed in a sufficient time of 20 minutes. After this, it remained a beloved and respected teacher of the students.

Vice President:
Dr. Radhakrishnan was elected Vice-President after coming from the Soviet Union in 1952. Under the Constitution, the new post of Vice President was created. Nehru ji again surprised people by selecting Radhakrishnan for this post. He was surprised that why no political leader of the Congress party was chosen for this post. Radhakrishnan as Vice-President also took over as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha In 1952, he was made Vice-President of India. Later this election of Pandit Nehru proved worthwhile, because as a Vice President, a non-politician influenced all the politicians. All the members of Parliament appreciated him for his work behavior. People still remember their generosity, perseverance and humorous nature.

Teacher's day:
The second but unique President of our country is celebrated every year as 'Teacher's Day' on the birthday of Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (5th September). On this day, awards are also given to the best teachers by the Government of India in all the countries.

Bharat Ratna:
Although he was given the title of "Sir" by the British Empire in 1931, but after attaining independence his justification had ended for Dr. Radhakrishnan. When he became the vice-president, the first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, in 1954 gave him the country's highest decoration Bharat Ratna for his great philosophical and academic achievements.




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