Dr. Jagdish Chandra Basu (November 30, 1858 - November 23, 1937) was a renowned scientist from India who had a deep knowledge of physics, biology, botany and archaeology. He was the first scientist who worked on the optics of radio and microwave waves. In Botany, he did many important discoveries. He was also the first scientific researcher of India. He was the first Indian scientist who received an American patent. He is considered the father of radio science. He also wrote science fiction and he is also considered the father of Bengali science fiction.
Born in Bengal province of British India, Basu received a bachelor's degree from St. Xavier's College, Calcutta. He then went to London University for medical education, but due to health problems, he had to leave this education in the middle and return to India. He then took over the post of Professor of Physics at Presidency College and faced many caste discrimination while doing many important scientific experiments.
He made extraordinary progress in sending wireless signals and first started using semiconductors to capture radio messages. But instead of taking business benefits from his searches, he publicly published them so that other researchers could work on them further. After this, he did much research in plant biology, He invented a mechanical crescograph and studied the reaction of plants against different stimuli. In this way, they proved that there is a lot of similarities between plant and animal tissues. These were very contrary to the patent process and only after the friends asked them to apply for a patent. In recent years his contributions to modern science are being re-recognized.
Early life and education:
Basu was born on November 30, 1858, in Memnansinh of Faridpur in Dhaka district in Bengal (now Bangladesh). His father Bhagwan Chandra Basu was the leader of Brahma Samaj and was a Deputy Magistrate or Assistant Commissioner at Faridpur, Bardhaman and other places. His family came from Rarikhal village, Bikrampur, which is now in Munshiganj district of Bangladesh. By the age of eleven, he got an education in a village school. Basu's education started in a Bengali school. His father believed that before learning English, his mother tongue should come from well.
Addressing a conference in Vikrampur 1 9 15 while Basu said: "It was considered a sign of status to send children to English schools at that time. I was sent to the Bengali school there my right hand, the son of a Muslim boy my father was seated and the son of a fisherman on my left. they were also partners in my game. I hear their birds, stories of animals and sea creature that Would hear. Perhaps these stories have raised deep interest in research on the structure of nature in my brain. "[A] [5] After schooling he moved to Calcutta and joined St. Xavier's School.
Jagadish Chandra Bose was very much interested in biology and went to London to study medical science at the age of 22. But ill health to live because He physician (doctor) went to Christ College, Cambridge abandon the idea of becoming and there has led to the study of physics, a noted pro. Father Lafont Bose physics.
In 1885, he returned home and started teaching at Presidency College as an assistant professor of physics. Here he stayed until 1915. At that time Indian teachers were given one-third of the salary compared to English teachers. The Jagdish Chandra Bose had been protested and worked for three years without pay, which went to because of their poor condition and has enough debt to them. To repay this debt, they had to sell their ancestral land. The fourth year Jagadish Chandra Bose won and he was given full pay. Bose was also a good teacher who used to perform scientific demonstrations on a large scale to teach in the classroom. Some students of Bose, such as Satendra Nath Bose, later became famous physicists.
Radio search:
British theoretical physicist James Clerk Maxwell had mathematically predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves of various wavelengths but died in 1879 before the verification of their prediction. British physicist Oliver Lodge demonstrated the existence of Maxwell waves by transmitting them with stars in 1887-88. German physicist Heinrich Hertz showed in 1888 using the existence of electromagnetic waves in free space. After this, the Lodge continued Hertz's work and gave a memorable lecture (after Hertz's death) in June 1894 and published it as a book. The work of the Lodge attracted the attention of scientists from different countries, including Bose of India.
The first notable aspect of Bose's microwave research was that he brought the wavelength to millimeter level (about 5 mm wavelength). They understood the loss of light waves of long wavelengths for the study of properties of light.
In 1893, Nikola Tesla demonstrated the first public radio communication. A year later, during a public demonstration in November 1894 (or 1895) in Kolkata, Bose used a millimeter range microwave wave to ammunition and bell at gunpoint. Lieutenant Governor Sir William McKenzie saw Bose's performance in Calcutta Town Hall. Bose wrote in a Bengali essay, 'Invisible Light', "Invisible light can easily go from inside brick walls, buildings, etc. so the message can be transmitted through the light without the wire." In Russia, Popov did one such experiment.
The first scientific article on "Polarization of electricity rays by double refractive crystals" was sent to the Asiatic Society of Bengal in May 1895, within a year of the lodge article. His second article was sent by Lord Riley to the Royal Society of London in October 1895. In December 1895, London Magazine Electrician (36th Vol) published the article of Bose on "a new electro-poly streak". At that time, the word 'Kohir' coined by the Lodge in the English-speaking world was used for Hertz's wave receiver or detector. The electrician immediately commented on Bose's 'Kohir'. (December 1895). The commentary from the English magazine (18 January 1896) is the Electrician:
"If Professor Bose is successful in patenting his reputation and patents are successful, we will soon see a new revolution in the coastal lighting system of nine transportation due to research alone in the Presidency College Laboratory of a Bengali scientist."
Bose planned to improve his "Kohir", but never thought of the patent.
Location in Radio Development:
Bose used his experiments when the radio was developing as a contact medium. The work that Bose did on radio microwave optics was not related to radio communication, but the improvements made by him and the facts written by him had influenced other radio inventors. At that time, at the end of 1894, Guggalimo Marconi was working on a radio system that was designed to be a viable form of wireless telegraphy. By the beginning of 1896, the system was transmitting radio signals more than the distance specified by the physics.
Jagadish Chandra Bose was the first scientist to use the semiconductor junction to detect the radio waves and in this method, the discovery of several microwave components was found. After this, no research work was done on electromagnetic waves of millimeter length for the next 50 years. In 1897, Bose described the research done on his millimeter wave in the Royal Institution of London. He used Waveguides, horn antenna, die-electric lens, different polarizer and semiconductor whose frequency was up to 60 GHz - he used in his research. All these tools are still present at the Bose Institute of Kolkata. A 1.3 mm multibeam receiver that is in Arizona's NRAO 12-meter telescope, Acharya Bose is built on the principles of a research paper written in 1897.
Sir Neville Mott won the Nobel Prize for his research in 1977 in Solid State Electronics. He had said that Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose was 60 years ahead of his time. Basically, Bose had predicted the existence of P-type and N-type semiconductor.
Research on vegetation:
His biggest contribution to the field of biophysics was that he showed that the stimulation of stimulation in plants is through the electrical (electrical) medium and not by a chemical. These claims were later proved to be true through scientific prego. Acharya Bose first studied the effect of the tissue on the microwave vegetation. He studied the effect of changing the weather on the plants. Along with this, he also studied the effects of chemical inhibitors on plants and the effect of changing plants from temperature. By analyzing the changes of cell membrane potential in different conditions, they reached the conclusion that plants are sensitive, they can "feel pain, feel affection, etc."
Study of metal fatigue and reaction of cells:
Bose did a comparative study of the fatigue response of different metals and tissues of plants. He was stimulated by mixing different metals with a combination of electrical, mechanical, chemical and thermal methods and noted the similarities of cell and metal reaction. Bose's experiments showed a simulated (cyclical) critical reaction in metal and metal. Along with this, special cyclical fatigue and recovery response for different types of stimuli was also studied in living cells and metals.
Acharya Bose made a graph of electrical reactions while changing plants with changing electrical stimuli, and also showed that when the plants are given poison or anesthetic (anesthetic), their reaction starts to work and there is no further delay. Goes away. But this reaction did not show zinc metal when it was treated with oxalic acid.
Knight's title:
In 1917, Jagdish Chandra Bose was given the title of "Knight" and soon was elected Fellow of the Royal Society London for Physical and Biology. Bose had done his entire research without any good equipment and laboratory, so Jagdish Chandra Bose was thinking of building a good laboratory. "Bose Institute" (Bose Science Temple) is the result of this thought which is a famous center of a nation for research in science.
Born in Bengal province of British India, Basu received a bachelor's degree from St. Xavier's College, Calcutta. He then went to London University for medical education, but due to health problems, he had to leave this education in the middle and return to India. He then took over the post of Professor of Physics at Presidency College and faced many caste discrimination while doing many important scientific experiments.
He made extraordinary progress in sending wireless signals and first started using semiconductors to capture radio messages. But instead of taking business benefits from his searches, he publicly published them so that other researchers could work on them further. After this, he did much research in plant biology, He invented a mechanical crescograph and studied the reaction of plants against different stimuli. In this way, they proved that there is a lot of similarities between plant and animal tissues. These were very contrary to the patent process and only after the friends asked them to apply for a patent. In recent years his contributions to modern science are being re-recognized.
Early life and education:
Basu was born on November 30, 1858, in Memnansinh of Faridpur in Dhaka district in Bengal (now Bangladesh). His father Bhagwan Chandra Basu was the leader of Brahma Samaj and was a Deputy Magistrate or Assistant Commissioner at Faridpur, Bardhaman and other places. His family came from Rarikhal village, Bikrampur, which is now in Munshiganj district of Bangladesh. By the age of eleven, he got an education in a village school. Basu's education started in a Bengali school. His father believed that before learning English, his mother tongue should come from well.
Addressing a conference in Vikrampur 1 9 15 while Basu said: "It was considered a sign of status to send children to English schools at that time. I was sent to the Bengali school there my right hand, the son of a Muslim boy my father was seated and the son of a fisherman on my left. they were also partners in my game. I hear their birds, stories of animals and sea creature that Would hear. Perhaps these stories have raised deep interest in research on the structure of nature in my brain. "[A] [5] After schooling he moved to Calcutta and joined St. Xavier's School.
Jagadish Chandra Bose was very much interested in biology and went to London to study medical science at the age of 22. But ill health to live because He physician (doctor) went to Christ College, Cambridge abandon the idea of becoming and there has led to the study of physics, a noted pro. Father Lafont Bose physics.
In 1885, he returned home and started teaching at Presidency College as an assistant professor of physics. Here he stayed until 1915. At that time Indian teachers were given one-third of the salary compared to English teachers. The Jagdish Chandra Bose had been protested and worked for three years without pay, which went to because of their poor condition and has enough debt to them. To repay this debt, they had to sell their ancestral land. The fourth year Jagadish Chandra Bose won and he was given full pay. Bose was also a good teacher who used to perform scientific demonstrations on a large scale to teach in the classroom. Some students of Bose, such as Satendra Nath Bose, later became famous physicists.
Radio search:
British theoretical physicist James Clerk Maxwell had mathematically predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves of various wavelengths but died in 1879 before the verification of their prediction. British physicist Oliver Lodge demonstrated the existence of Maxwell waves by transmitting them with stars in 1887-88. German physicist Heinrich Hertz showed in 1888 using the existence of electromagnetic waves in free space. After this, the Lodge continued Hertz's work and gave a memorable lecture (after Hertz's death) in June 1894 and published it as a book. The work of the Lodge attracted the attention of scientists from different countries, including Bose of India.
The first notable aspect of Bose's microwave research was that he brought the wavelength to millimeter level (about 5 mm wavelength). They understood the loss of light waves of long wavelengths for the study of properties of light.
In 1893, Nikola Tesla demonstrated the first public radio communication. A year later, during a public demonstration in November 1894 (or 1895) in Kolkata, Bose used a millimeter range microwave wave to ammunition and bell at gunpoint. Lieutenant Governor Sir William McKenzie saw Bose's performance in Calcutta Town Hall. Bose wrote in a Bengali essay, 'Invisible Light', "Invisible light can easily go from inside brick walls, buildings, etc. so the message can be transmitted through the light without the wire." In Russia, Popov did one such experiment.
The first scientific article on "Polarization of electricity rays by double refractive crystals" was sent to the Asiatic Society of Bengal in May 1895, within a year of the lodge article. His second article was sent by Lord Riley to the Royal Society of London in October 1895. In December 1895, London Magazine Electrician (36th Vol) published the article of Bose on "a new electro-poly streak". At that time, the word 'Kohir' coined by the Lodge in the English-speaking world was used for Hertz's wave receiver or detector. The electrician immediately commented on Bose's 'Kohir'. (December 1895). The commentary from the English magazine (18 January 1896) is the Electrician:
"If Professor Bose is successful in patenting his reputation and patents are successful, we will soon see a new revolution in the coastal lighting system of nine transportation due to research alone in the Presidency College Laboratory of a Bengali scientist."
Bose planned to improve his "Kohir", but never thought of the patent.
Location in Radio Development:
Bose used his experiments when the radio was developing as a contact medium. The work that Bose did on radio microwave optics was not related to radio communication, but the improvements made by him and the facts written by him had influenced other radio inventors. At that time, at the end of 1894, Guggalimo Marconi was working on a radio system that was designed to be a viable form of wireless telegraphy. By the beginning of 1896, the system was transmitting radio signals more than the distance specified by the physics.
Jagadish Chandra Bose was the first scientist to use the semiconductor junction to detect the radio waves and in this method, the discovery of several microwave components was found. After this, no research work was done on electromagnetic waves of millimeter length for the next 50 years. In 1897, Bose described the research done on his millimeter wave in the Royal Institution of London. He used Waveguides, horn antenna, die-electric lens, different polarizer and semiconductor whose frequency was up to 60 GHz - he used in his research. All these tools are still present at the Bose Institute of Kolkata. A 1.3 mm multibeam receiver that is in Arizona's NRAO 12-meter telescope, Acharya Bose is built on the principles of a research paper written in 1897.
Sir Neville Mott won the Nobel Prize for his research in 1977 in Solid State Electronics. He had said that Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose was 60 years ahead of his time. Basically, Bose had predicted the existence of P-type and N-type semiconductor.
Research on vegetation:
His biggest contribution to the field of biophysics was that he showed that the stimulation of stimulation in plants is through the electrical (electrical) medium and not by a chemical. These claims were later proved to be true through scientific prego. Acharya Bose first studied the effect of the tissue on the microwave vegetation. He studied the effect of changing the weather on the plants. Along with this, he also studied the effects of chemical inhibitors on plants and the effect of changing plants from temperature. By analyzing the changes of cell membrane potential in different conditions, they reached the conclusion that plants are sensitive, they can "feel pain, feel affection, etc."
Study of metal fatigue and reaction of cells:
Bose did a comparative study of the fatigue response of different metals and tissues of plants. He was stimulated by mixing different metals with a combination of electrical, mechanical, chemical and thermal methods and noted the similarities of cell and metal reaction. Bose's experiments showed a simulated (cyclical) critical reaction in metal and metal. Along with this, special cyclical fatigue and recovery response for different types of stimuli was also studied in living cells and metals.
Acharya Bose made a graph of electrical reactions while changing plants with changing electrical stimuli, and also showed that when the plants are given poison or anesthetic (anesthetic), their reaction starts to work and there is no further delay. Goes away. But this reaction did not show zinc metal when it was treated with oxalic acid.
Knight's title:
In 1917, Jagdish Chandra Bose was given the title of "Knight" and soon was elected Fellow of the Royal Society London for Physical and Biology. Bose had done his entire research without any good equipment and laboratory, so Jagdish Chandra Bose was thinking of building a good laboratory. "Bose Institute" (Bose Science Temple) is the result of this thought which is a famous center of a nation for research in science.
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