Jawaharlal Nehru (November 14, 1889 - 27 May 1964) In the defense of Mahatma Gandhi, Indian politics before and after the first Prime Ministers and Central Personalities, he emerged as the supreme leader of the Indian independence movement and the From the establishment of India as an independent nation in 1947, till 1964, until its death, India ruled. He is considered the architect of modern Indian nation-state - a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic mathematician. For his original reason with the Kashmiri Pandit community, he also called Pandit Nehru, while Indian children know him as Chacha Nehru.
Nehru was elected by the Congress to handle the post of Independent India's first Prime Minister, although the question of leadership had long been settled in 1941 when Gandhiji accepted Nehru as his political heir and heir. Was there. As prime minister, they go to realize the dream of India. The constitution of India is controversial in 1950, after which he initially included economic, social and political reform of a state-of-the-art plan. Mainly, a pluralistic, multi-party nurturing democracy, they are being transformed from a colony of India to oversee the supervision. In foreign policy, India was exhibited as a regional hero in South Asia, he made a non-existent movement to play a leading role.
Under the leadership of Nehru, Congress emerged as a Sarv-eclipse party, winning dominant elections in the national and state-level elections and winning consecutive elections of 1951, 1957 and 1962. Despite his political troubles in his last years and the failure of his leadership in the 1962 Chinese-India War, he remained popular among the people of India. In India, his birthday is celebrated as a child day.
life:
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad in British India. His father, Motilal Nehru (1861-1931), a wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, was elected twice as president of the Indian National Congress during the freedom struggle. His mother Swarooparani Thushu (1868-1938), from a well-known Kashmiri Brahmin family, living in Lahore, Motilal had the second wife and died during the first wife's delivery. Jawaharlal was the eldest of the three children, with the other two girls. The elder sister, Vijaya Lakshmi, later became the first woman president of the United Nations General Assembly. The youngest sister, Krishna Hathi Singh, became a notable writer and wrote several books on her brother.
Nehru family in the 1890s
Jawaharlal Nehru received education in some of the finest schools and universities in the world. He completed his schooling from Harrow and the college's education from Trinity College, London. After this, he completed his law degree at Cambridge University. In England, he spent seven years in which he developed a rational approach to the Fabian socialism and Irish nationalism.
Jawaharlal Nehru returned to India in 1912 and started advocacy. In 1916, he got married to Kamala Nehru. Jawaharlal Nehru joined the Home Rule League in 1917. His real initiation in politics came two years later in 1919 when he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi. At that time Mahatma Gandhi started a campaign against the Rule Act. Nehru was attracted to Mahatma Gandhi's active but peaceful, civil disobedience movement.
Nehru also adopted his family as per Mahatma Gandhi's teachings. Jawaharlal and Motilal Nehru abandoned western clothes and expensive property. They started wearing a Khadi kurta and Gandhi hat. Jawaharlal Nehru took an active part in the non-cooperation movement in 1920-1922 and was arrested for the first time during this period. After some months he was released.
Jawaharlal Nehru was elected president of Allahabad Municipal Corporation in 1924 and served for two years as Chief Executive Officer of the city. In 1926, he resigned after referring to a lack of cooperation from the British authorities.
From 1926 to 1928, Jawaharlal Nehru served as the General Secretary of All India Congress Committee. In 1928-29, the annual session of Congress was held under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru. In that session, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose supported the demand for full political independence, while Motilal Nehru and other leaders supported the demand for the status of dominion status within the British Empire. In order to solve the issue, Gandhi took the middle path and said that Britain will be given two years to give state status to India and if it does not happen then Congress will start a national struggle for full political independence. Nehru and Bose demanded that this time is reduced to one year. The British government did not respond to it.
In December 1929, the annual session of the Congress was held in Lahore in which Jawaharlal Nehru was elected the President of the Congress Party. During this session, a resolution was passed which demanded 'full self-rule'. Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the flag of independent India on 26 January 1930 in Lahore Gandhiji also called the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. The movement was very successful and it forced the British government to accept the need for major political reforms.
When the British Government promulgated the India Act of 1935, the Congress Party decided to contest the elections. Nehru stayed out of the election but campaigned for the party with a nation-wide campaign. The Congress formed governments in almost every province and won the highest number of seats in the Central Assembly.
Nehru was elected president of the Congress in 1936 and 1937. He was arrested during the Quit India Movement in 1942 and was released in 1945. During the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, he made an important contribution to the talks with the British Government.
India's first Prime Minister:
When India got independence in 1947, when the future Prime Minister was voted to the Congress, Sardar Patel got the most votes. After that, the most votes were received by Acharya Kripalani. But on the advice of Gandhiji, Sardar Patel and Acharya Kripalani withdrew their names and Jawaharlal Nehru was made the Prime Minister.
In 1947, he became the first Prime Minister of independent India. The British had liberated nearly 500 princely states simultaneously, and the biggest challenge at that time was to bring them under a flag. They have sensibly faced every challenge emerging in the way of restructuring India. Jawaharlal Nehru played an important role in the formation of modern India. He formed the Planning Commission, encouraged the development of science and technology and launched three consecutive five-year plans. Due to their policies, a new era of agriculture and industry started in the country. Nehru played a major role in the development of India's foreign policy.
Jawaharlal Nehru, along with Josip Burroz Tito and Abdul Gamal Nassir, formed a non-alignment movement for the end of colonialism in Asia and Africa. They have been in the role of mediator in the solution of other international problems like ending the Korean War, solving the Suez Canal dispute and converting the Congo Agreement. In the solution of many other explosive issues like West Berlin, Austria, and Laos, they also remained important behind the curtains. He was summoned from Bharat Ratna in the year 1955.
But Nehru could not improve India's relations with Pakistan and China. The Kashmir issue in reaching an agreement with Pakistan and border disputes in friendship with China proved to be the path of the path. Nehru also increased the hand of friendship towards China, but in 1962 China invaded by fraud. This was a major setback for Nehru and perhaps his death was also due to this. On May 27, 1964, Jawaharlal Nehru visited a heart attack in which he died.
Criticism:
Many people think that Nehru had contributed a lot to India's independence struggle compared to other leaders, yet Gandhiji made him the first Prime Minister of India. For many decades after independence, the dictators of power in the Indian democracy changed the country into a monarchy, replaced the ideology with a person, and completely disregarded the people's interest in the halo of so-called popularity.
Nehru is known as Mahatma Gandhi's political successor. Gandhi also blames the allegation that he did the task of pursuing Nehru in politics at the expense of several capable leaders including Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. When it was a matter of becoming a Congress President just before independence and it was believed that even as the Congress President would become the first Prime Minister of India, Gandhi, despite ignoring the recommendations of the state Congress committees, successfully succeeded in making Nehru the president. Have tried. It is a common impression that Nehru would have done not only to pursue the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi, but he also tried his best to fulfill those tasks which Gandhi himself could not complete. But the truth is the opposite. Jayaprakash Narayan, who worked as a team with Nehru, never said this in the role of 'Gandhi Today' in 1978. If JP has said something about Nehru, there should be no doubt about its credibility as Nehru was close to JP and also friendship. But in spite of this, JP highlighted the flaws of Nehru Model.
It was also revealed in April 2015 that after independence, Nehru spied on Netaji's relations with IB for twenty years.
Nehru was elected by the Congress to handle the post of Independent India's first Prime Minister, although the question of leadership had long been settled in 1941 when Gandhiji accepted Nehru as his political heir and heir. Was there. As prime minister, they go to realize the dream of India. The constitution of India is controversial in 1950, after which he initially included economic, social and political reform of a state-of-the-art plan. Mainly, a pluralistic, multi-party nurturing democracy, they are being transformed from a colony of India to oversee the supervision. In foreign policy, India was exhibited as a regional hero in South Asia, he made a non-existent movement to play a leading role.
Under the leadership of Nehru, Congress emerged as a Sarv-eclipse party, winning dominant elections in the national and state-level elections and winning consecutive elections of 1951, 1957 and 1962. Despite his political troubles in his last years and the failure of his leadership in the 1962 Chinese-India War, he remained popular among the people of India. In India, his birthday is celebrated as a child day.
life:
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad in British India. His father, Motilal Nehru (1861-1931), a wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, was elected twice as president of the Indian National Congress during the freedom struggle. His mother Swarooparani Thushu (1868-1938), from a well-known Kashmiri Brahmin family, living in Lahore, Motilal had the second wife and died during the first wife's delivery. Jawaharlal was the eldest of the three children, with the other two girls. The elder sister, Vijaya Lakshmi, later became the first woman president of the United Nations General Assembly. The youngest sister, Krishna Hathi Singh, became a notable writer and wrote several books on her brother.
Nehru family in the 1890s
Jawaharlal Nehru received education in some of the finest schools and universities in the world. He completed his schooling from Harrow and the college's education from Trinity College, London. After this, he completed his law degree at Cambridge University. In England, he spent seven years in which he developed a rational approach to the Fabian socialism and Irish nationalism.
Jawaharlal Nehru returned to India in 1912 and started advocacy. In 1916, he got married to Kamala Nehru. Jawaharlal Nehru joined the Home Rule League in 1917. His real initiation in politics came two years later in 1919 when he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi. At that time Mahatma Gandhi started a campaign against the Rule Act. Nehru was attracted to Mahatma Gandhi's active but peaceful, civil disobedience movement.
Nehru also adopted his family as per Mahatma Gandhi's teachings. Jawaharlal and Motilal Nehru abandoned western clothes and expensive property. They started wearing a Khadi kurta and Gandhi hat. Jawaharlal Nehru took an active part in the non-cooperation movement in 1920-1922 and was arrested for the first time during this period. After some months he was released.
Jawaharlal Nehru was elected president of Allahabad Municipal Corporation in 1924 and served for two years as Chief Executive Officer of the city. In 1926, he resigned after referring to a lack of cooperation from the British authorities.
From 1926 to 1928, Jawaharlal Nehru served as the General Secretary of All India Congress Committee. In 1928-29, the annual session of Congress was held under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru. In that session, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose supported the demand for full political independence, while Motilal Nehru and other leaders supported the demand for the status of dominion status within the British Empire. In order to solve the issue, Gandhi took the middle path and said that Britain will be given two years to give state status to India and if it does not happen then Congress will start a national struggle for full political independence. Nehru and Bose demanded that this time is reduced to one year. The British government did not respond to it.
In December 1929, the annual session of the Congress was held in Lahore in which Jawaharlal Nehru was elected the President of the Congress Party. During this session, a resolution was passed which demanded 'full self-rule'. Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the flag of independent India on 26 January 1930 in Lahore Gandhiji also called the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. The movement was very successful and it forced the British government to accept the need for major political reforms.
When the British Government promulgated the India Act of 1935, the Congress Party decided to contest the elections. Nehru stayed out of the election but campaigned for the party with a nation-wide campaign. The Congress formed governments in almost every province and won the highest number of seats in the Central Assembly.
Nehru was elected president of the Congress in 1936 and 1937. He was arrested during the Quit India Movement in 1942 and was released in 1945. During the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, he made an important contribution to the talks with the British Government.
India's first Prime Minister:
When India got independence in 1947, when the future Prime Minister was voted to the Congress, Sardar Patel got the most votes. After that, the most votes were received by Acharya Kripalani. But on the advice of Gandhiji, Sardar Patel and Acharya Kripalani withdrew their names and Jawaharlal Nehru was made the Prime Minister.
In 1947, he became the first Prime Minister of independent India. The British had liberated nearly 500 princely states simultaneously, and the biggest challenge at that time was to bring them under a flag. They have sensibly faced every challenge emerging in the way of restructuring India. Jawaharlal Nehru played an important role in the formation of modern India. He formed the Planning Commission, encouraged the development of science and technology and launched three consecutive five-year plans. Due to their policies, a new era of agriculture and industry started in the country. Nehru played a major role in the development of India's foreign policy.
Jawaharlal Nehru, along with Josip Burroz Tito and Abdul Gamal Nassir, formed a non-alignment movement for the end of colonialism in Asia and Africa. They have been in the role of mediator in the solution of other international problems like ending the Korean War, solving the Suez Canal dispute and converting the Congo Agreement. In the solution of many other explosive issues like West Berlin, Austria, and Laos, they also remained important behind the curtains. He was summoned from Bharat Ratna in the year 1955.
But Nehru could not improve India's relations with Pakistan and China. The Kashmir issue in reaching an agreement with Pakistan and border disputes in friendship with China proved to be the path of the path. Nehru also increased the hand of friendship towards China, but in 1962 China invaded by fraud. This was a major setback for Nehru and perhaps his death was also due to this. On May 27, 1964, Jawaharlal Nehru visited a heart attack in which he died.
Criticism:
Many people think that Nehru had contributed a lot to India's independence struggle compared to other leaders, yet Gandhiji made him the first Prime Minister of India. For many decades after independence, the dictators of power in the Indian democracy changed the country into a monarchy, replaced the ideology with a person, and completely disregarded the people's interest in the halo of so-called popularity.
Nehru is known as Mahatma Gandhi's political successor. Gandhi also blames the allegation that he did the task of pursuing Nehru in politics at the expense of several capable leaders including Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. When it was a matter of becoming a Congress President just before independence and it was believed that even as the Congress President would become the first Prime Minister of India, Gandhi, despite ignoring the recommendations of the state Congress committees, successfully succeeded in making Nehru the president. Have tried. It is a common impression that Nehru would have done not only to pursue the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi, but he also tried his best to fulfill those tasks which Gandhi himself could not complete. But the truth is the opposite. Jayaprakash Narayan, who worked as a team with Nehru, never said this in the role of 'Gandhi Today' in 1978. If JP has said something about Nehru, there should be no doubt about its credibility as Nehru was close to JP and also friendship. But in spite of this, JP highlighted the flaws of Nehru Model.
It was also revealed in April 2015 that after independence, Nehru spied on Netaji's relations with IB for twenty years.
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